The variety and complexity of the factors required for social, economic and technological change have almost always necessitated the pooling of resources. Few nations have succeeded in generating inter? nally the entire physical and human resources needed for independent survival and development and one of the ways by which nations have maintained links with one another has been through the movement of people between them. Such movements have been significant throughout Africa in the present century and particularly so within East, Central and Southern Africa. International movements towards foci of development have taken place within this area and to it from elsewhere, and these flows and associated counterflows have been of great impor? tance in shaping social, economic and political development of the area as a whole and of individual countries within it. Analysis of immigration in any one country of the area and of its importance in development requires an examination of past, present and possible future develop? ments. Zambia (until 1964, Northern Rhodesia) illustrates aspects of the relationship between international movement and development in the area.