This paper reviews some recent research on the mental health ofthe First Nations, Inuit, and Metis ofCanada. We
summarize evidencefor the social origins ofmental health problems and illustrate the ongoing responses ofindividuals
and communities to the legacy ofcolonization. Cultural discontinuity andoppression have been linked to high rates
ofdepression, alcoholism, suicide, and violence in many communities, with the greatest impact on youth. Despite these
challenges, many communities have done well, and research is needed to identify the factors that promote wellness.
Cultural psychiatry can contribute to rethinking mental health services and health promotionfor indigenous populations
and communities.