Introduction The tioning countries independence the cannot role be struggles of complete African of without many workers African men- and countries cannot be complete without men- tioning the role of African workers and trade unions. It is also a matter of pride that a number of the founding fathers of the former Organisation of African Unity (OAU) were trade union leaders.
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THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS, founded in 1912 as the voice of black South Africans, was banned by law on 30 March 1960, nine days after the infamous Sharpeville massacre and at a time of unprecedented international pressure directed at the racial policies of the government of South Africa.
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'Good' MPLA vs 'Evil' UNITA? Yash Tandon IN the otherwise scholarly and well informed article by M R Bhagavan ('Angola: Survival Strategies for a Socialist State', August 6) there are two what we would regard as very serious flaws-one is an analytical flaw, and the other, linked with it and to some extent stemming from the first one, a political/ ideological flaw.
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Prior to the 1994 genocide, Rwandan law provided amnesty for persons who committed serious crimes in the service of the Hutu “Social Revolution” against the Tutsi elites. Murder and other criminal acts undertaken by Hutus who challenged Tutsi political domination were effectively forgiven by amnesty.
The Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape is one of the profound treasures of southern Africa's social and archaeological history, appropriately declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco) in 2003.
The subject of gold weights is complex and multidimensional. It can be understood only when placed in the context of its original cultural environment, which was linked intimately to gold for its physical substance and to the package (dja) in which it came for its sociocultural identity.
Warfare in precolonial Africa has been erroneously seen as raids or expeditions involving the use of simple weapons. Contrary to this view, recent research has demonstrated that African warfare was serious business in which all kinds of strategies were utilized, including the production or importation of biological weapons.
Commentary and brilliant photographs portray the traditional lifestyles, economic activities, customs, ceremonies and religion, social structure, and natural environment of the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania