The Girinka (one-cow-per-poor-family) program was created in response to the extreme malnutrition that plagued more than half of the poorest citizens in the Republic of Rwanda prior to 2006. Rwanda’s traditional wealth creation and distribution system of cow-giving served as a platform for the creation of Girinka.

The study used predominantly a qualitative and participatory research design to investigate the African Indigenous Food Security Strategies and Climate Change Adaptation in Ganyesa village (North-West Province). Qualitative research methods such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, direct and participatory observation formed the core of data collection methods.

Indigenous Knowledge Practices (IKPs) in farming have an effect on household food production and food security. The objective of this study was to investigate IKPs used by smallholder farmers in the production of and access to food and their effects on household food security.

Indigenous food crops refer to food crops that have their origin in South Africa.
Added to these crops are those that were introduced into the country and are
now recognised as naturalised or traditional crops. They are divided into three main
categories; namely grains, vegetables and fruit.

Today Native Americans have higher rates of diet-related illness and mortalities than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. These figures reflect the many challenges to the land base, cultural identity, spiritual life, environmental quality and stability of local economies and political institutions which, in part, support healthy diets.